New Philology

TRANSLATION PECULIARITIES OF GERMAN ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES IN BERNHARD KELLERMANN’S NOVELS INTO THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

2026-05-13T09:52:24+03:00

Artificial Intelligence (AI) implementation is one of the key problems in the field of Translation Studies. The research aim is to determine and compare means and techniques of elliptical sentences rendering in the translations of Bernhard Kellermann’s works Der Tunnel (The Tunnel) and Totentanz (Dance of Death), conducted by Oleksiy Longvynenko and Kateryna Holovatska, and AI. The main research methods were the total sampling method used for creating a research corpus; the method of contextual analysis applied for studying the functioning of elliptical sentences in German and Ukrainian; the method of description utilized for classifying and systematizing the units under study and the methods and techniques used to render them into Ukrainian; the method of comparative translation – for determining the criteria for optimal translation solutions applied when rendering elliptical sentences into Ukrainian; and elements of quantitative analysis – for performing calculations. The unique feature of Kellermann’s individual style is the use of a syntactic stylistic tool such as elliptical sentences. Elliptical constructions give expressiveness to the statement, logical function in question-answer sentences, and allow avoiding tautology. The majority of the units under study retain the incompleteness of the construction in the Ukrainian translation. Among 100% (144 sentences) of the elliptical sentences in the original language, 66% (95 sentences) were translated using elliptical sentences in the Ukrainian translation. In rendering elliptical sentences in Ukrainian, the translators utilized translation transformations, including replacement, addition, omission, and specification. Replacement occurring in 47% (23 cases) was the most frequent translation transformation applied by translators. Unlike the translators, the AI-translator completely rendered the German elliptical sentences in the Ukrainian translation. In some cases, the AI-translator failed to convey the emotional coloring of the original language, which the translators preserved in their translations.

MILITARY ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES

2026-05-13T09:52:24+03:00

The article addresses the structural and semantic features of English military abbreviations. Recognized as a universal expression of language economy, the abbreviations facilitate precise and efficient communication in military contexts where brevity and clarity are paramount. The presented study emphasizes the critical role of standardization and organization of abbreviations across various branches of armed forces. The research analyzes a corpus of military abbreviations selected from specialized military literature, dictionaries, official military standards, and digital sources. It highlights the diversity of military terms, which encompass not only specific military concepts but also colloquial military vocabulary, reflecting the social aspects of military discourse. The article discusses linguistic properties of military terminology, including unambiguity, neutrality, definitional clarity, and systematization within the terminology system. The article reviews classifications of military terms by semantic content, usage domain, and historical-lexicological criteria. It identifies productive word-formation methods in military vocabulary such as affixation, compounding, conversion, and abbreviation, noting the complex combinations of these methods in creating abbreviations and acronyms. The study also addresses the challenges in typological classification due to structural variety and multiple abbreviation techniques. Stylistic aspects are considered, noting the presence of both neutral and expressive abbreviations, with some terms exhibiting national and cultural specificity within various military communities. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of comprehensive structural and semantic characterization of military abbreviations to facilitate translation adequacy of military discourse. This study fills a gap in the research on military abbreviations, providing valuable insights for linguists, translators, and military linguists engaged in the analysis and application of specialized military language.

PROCESSES OF CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CATEGORIZATION IN A COMPUTER-ORIENTED NARRATIVE MODEL OF LITERARY METAMODERNISM

2026-05-13T09:52:24+03:00

The article presents a comprehensive study of the processes of conceptualization and categorization within a computer-oriented narrative model of literary metamodernism. The authors focus on integrating cognitive and computational approaches to literary text analysis, selecting Julian Barnes’s philosophical and psychological novel, The Sense of an Ending (2011), as the object of study. This work serves as a representative example of the hybrid narrative, demonstrating the transition from postmodern irony to the metamodernist paradigm, characterized by oscillations between doubt and faith, the reconstruction of historical memory, and profound empathy. The theoretical framework of the research is rooted in cognitive narratology – an interdisciplinary field that synthesizes achievements in linguistics, cognitive psychology, and the philosophy of mind. Primary emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of conceptualization and categorization as fundamental mental operations that structure human experience and facilitate meaning-making in metamodern literary narratives. The implementation of these mechanisms is explored through a system of linguistic, stylistic, and compositional tools within the literary text. Scientific novelty lies in the verification of cognitive models (frames, scripts, mental maps, concepts, and image schemas) using modern data analysis software: LIWC, NVivo, CATMA, UAM CorpusTool, and Sketch Engine. The practical section of the article demonstrates the results of a cognitive-narrative analysis of fragments from Barnes’s novel, where categorical text tagging was performed via NVivo and CATMA. This enabled the identification of key concepts and cognitive metaphors, as well as tracking how a character with sensory limitations constructs a mental model of artistic reality by relying on alternative resources – memory and imagination. The conclusions substantiate the effectiveness of combining cognitive narratology with computational methods for the automated detection of narrative structures and the creation of discourse profiles. This approach opens new perspectives for the digital humanities in the study of contemporary metamodernist literature.

CORPUS-BASED MODELING OF THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF JOY IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH

2026-05-13T09:52:24+03:00

The article proposes a practice-oriented corpus-based model for describing the semantic field of joy in contemporary English. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that positive emotions constitute one of the most frequent yet semantically dynamic segments of the English linguistic worldview: they are verbalized not only through direct nominations such as joy, happiness, delight, and pleasure, but also through numerous context-dependent units whose meanings vary in intensity, duration, evaluative charge, and causation. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the structure of the semantic field of joy on the basis of corpus data, to distinguish its core, near-core, and peripheral zones, to describe the typical patterns of collocability of the relevant units, and to clarify the discourse conditions of their functioning. The empirical base includes data from contemporary English corpora, dictionary definitions, and contexts drawn from different discourse types. The study combines continuous sampling, lexical-semantic modeling, contextual interpretation, selected elements of cognitive-metaphorical analysis, and corpus verification. The findings show that the semantic field of joy is hierarchically organized: its core consists of units with the most general meaning of positive emotional experience, whereas the near-core and peripheral zones represent nuances of intense delight, inner satisfaction, relief, gratitude, pride, and emotional uplift. Corpus evidence demonstrates that the boundaries between these zones are determined not abstractly but through actual collocability, recurrent syntactic patterns, repeated contexts, and discourse-specific uses. Joy in contemporary English is objectified as an inner state, an external manifestation, a positive evaluation of an event, and a resource for interpersonal interaction. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying its results to corpus semantics, emotion studies, lexicography, discourse analysis, English language teaching, and the development of automated systems for recognizing emotionally marked speech.

TERMINOLOGY OF ENGLISH PUBLIC RELATIONS DISCOURSE AND ITS TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article provides a comprehensive linguistic analysis of terminological units functioning within modern English public relations (PR) discourse. Particular attention is paid to abbreviations, the process of their formation, and their role in modern communications, as well as transformations resulting from technological advancement. The relevance of the study is driven by the rapid transformation of communication processes under the influence of digitalization and the integration of artificial intelligence, which necessitates a conceptual reassessment of the industry’s existing lexical corpus. The study refines the definition of «discourse» within the context of socio-cultural conditions and examines its typology, defining PR discourse as a dynamic open system at the intersection of linguistics, marketing, and sociology. Key methods of terminology formation are analyzed, specifically through the borrowing of general vocabulary via terminologization, as well as borrowings from related fields such as economics and statistics. Special focus is placed on semantic distinctions in pairs of terms that are often mistakenly considered synonymous in Ukrainian translation, such as public and audience. It is proved that prefixal models (specifically with the morphemes dis-, mis-, and out-) play a crucial role in marking the nature of communication and its effectiveness. The phenomenon of eponyms arising from the high-profile media nature of the industry is investigated. The article examines the system of abbreviations in detail as a unique professional code that ensures the conciseness of professional communication. Specific emphasis is placed on the emergence of new acronyms influenced by the development of Large Language Models, including an analysis of the PESO model. It is demonstrated that PR discourse is an open system that is constantly updated, reflecting changes in technology and social values. Consequently, a transition from Search Engine Optimization (SEO) to Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) is identified, indicating a paradigm shift in content consumption. The work holds practical value for communication specialists, industry translators, and researchers of modern media processes, offering a foundation for the further systematization of Ukrainian equivalents for the English PR terminological system.

LINGUO-PHILOSOPHY OF OBSCENE VOCABULARY IN THE INFORMATION SPACE OF WARTIME: BETWEEN NORM AND EXPRESSION

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article is devoted to the study of the linguo-philosophical foundations of the functioning of substandard, in particular obscene, vocabulary in the information space of wartime. The focus of the study is the interaction between language norm and expression as a determinant of transformational processes in contemporary journalistic and literary discourse. The aim is to identify the semantic-pragmatic potential of obscene vocabulary, to determine its discursive roles, and to reveal its axiological load under conditions of social tension. Both general scientific and linguistic methods were employed to analyze obscene expressions. For the scientific interpretation of the empirical material, general methods such as observation of language data, analysis, and synthesis (for substantiating theoretical provisions) were applied. The descriptive method was used to systematize the empirical material; the functional-semantic method was applied to identify the semantic features of obscene units and determine their key semantic-pragmatic functions; discourse analysis made it possible to trace the specific features of the functioning of substandard vocabulary in literary and journalistic wartime discourse, as well as to outline its role in shaping communicative strategies and influencing the addressee; elements of the linguo-axiological approach were employed to interpret the value-related load of obscene vocabulary, analyze evaluative meanings, and examine the mechanisms of verbalizing the opposition ««us vs. them”. The research material consists of texts of contemporary Ukrainian literary and journalistic discourse from 2022 to early 2026. It has been established that, under wartime conditions, obscene vocabulary extends beyond a marginal linguistic layer and acquires the status of an important tool for expressing emotional experience, social evaluation, and collective identity. It has been demonstrated that obscene vocabulary performs a wide range of functions, including emotional-expressive, evaluative, identificational, manipulative, and cathartic. In journalistic discourse, it enhances the persuasive potential of texts, contributes to audience mobilization, and facilitates the delegitimization of the enemy, while in literary discourse it ensures psychological authenticity and stylistic expressiveness. The study confirms a partial transformation of language norms caused by increased tolerance toward expressively marked units in public communication. Substandard vocabulary thus emerges as an important cognitive-discursive mechanism for interpreting wartime reality, shaping value orientations, and maintaining collective resilience.

PHONETICALLY MODELED OCCASIONAL UNITS OF ALLUSION TYPE IN MODERN UKRAINIAN POETIC DISCOURSE

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The proposed article deals with the results of linguistic and stylistic analysis of phonetic nonce words that based on allusion in Ukrainian poetical discourse of 20th–21st centuries. As research material is selected poetic texts by Yu. Andrukhovych, О. Huseinova, Yu. Izdryk, О. Irvanets, L. Kashyrina, V. Kordun and others. It is found that allusive phonetic occasionalisms in poetic discourse are one of the most pragmatically directed means of influencing the addressee. It is established that allusions in artistic works perform various functions: expressive – reveals the cultural and semiotic orientations of the author and his pragmatic intentions; appellative – the allusion can be oriented towards a specific addressee who will correctly decode the artist’s creative idea; poetic is implemented in the form of an allusion as a language play; referential –giving the information about the outside world. It is determined that phonetic level allusions are characterized by the performance of all the above-mentioned functions, however, the studied units most fully reveal their potential at the poetic level, since in artistic discourse the language play is their traditional role. Within the context of the conducted research, a number of tasks are made: the stylistic functions of occasional phonetic units of the allusive type are clarified; the role of the audiovisual impact of phonetically modeled authorial innovations on addressees is determined; the most frequent allusions in Ukrainian poetic discourse are highlighted. It is proved that occasional phonetic units of the allusive type harmonize the sound background, tending to folklore genres or mythology (incantations, glossolalia, meditations, folk traditional songs, etc.). Such allusive phonetic nonce words are among the most expressive, since they go beyond the spatial and temporal boundaries of poetic discourse, revealing a complex communicative-functional nature. Allusive phonetic nonce words, thanks to the selection of vocal and consonant units with certain acousticarticulatory parameters, contain references to the cultural and spiritual sources of Ukraine and the world, including not only verbal folklore, but also works of modern mass art. The most productive phonetically modeled verbal units of the allusive type in Ukrainian poetic discourse are distinguished, in particular mythological, folklore, song, literary-artistic, and cinematic.

NEOLOGISMS AND METAPHORS OF WAR IN UKRAINIAN PUBLIC DISCOURSE 2022–2025

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

At the current stage of social development, Ukrainian public discourse is influenced by socio-economic dynamics, political conflicts and their ideological basis, as well as the development of media technologies. The study focuses on the problem of the dynamics of Ukrainian public discourse during a full-scale war. The study analyzes characteristic lexical changes – neologisms, phraseological units, metaphors, which are positioned as means of constructing the identity of individual social groups, reflect the features of socio-political dynamics, the nature of the assessment of reality. During the long, exhausting war, the content is characterized by expressive marking and emotional excitement. Among the lexical neologisms of the specified topic, words formed using word-formation tools prevail. There are also new borrowings. In general, the heterogeneity of such lexemes in the stylistic and semantic context can be noted. The neologisms presented in the study were formed on the basis of stylistically neutral, commonly used vocabulary through metonymic or metaphorical transformation and acquired certain emotional and evaluative connotations. Metaphors are organically and very naturally integrated into modern public media discourse. In the media space environment, metaphor easily overcomes the incompleteness and subjectivity characteristic of its semantics. Metaphor, as a rule, acquires a finished meaning in a complete syntactic block. The results of the content analysis of modern public media discourse allowed us to record, first of all, political media metaphors. Among them, the advantage belongs to nominal and – occasionally – verb phrases. The study found that social networks significantly influence the spread of new words and are an effective tool for lexical dynamics

INTEGRATED ADAPTATION AS A SPECIFIC TYPE OF INTERMEDIAL ADAPTATION

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article focuses on the theoretical substantiation of the concept of integrated adaptation as a specific form of intermedial adaptation in the contemporary cultural space. The relevance of the study is determined by the rapid development of interactions between various media forms: literature, cinema, video games, and others, which increasingly function within complex multimedia narrative systems. The article examines key approaches to intermediality and transmediality as developed by Werner Wolf, Lars Elleström, and Henry Jenkins, with particular attention to the concept of transmedia storytelling and its role in constructing unified fictional worlds. Special emphasis is placed on the Ukrainian scholarly tradition, particularly the concept of intermedial projection, which describes the processes of semiotic transformation and representation of artistic elements across different media. Based on the synthesis of these theoretical frameworks, the authors introduce the notion of “integrated adaptation”, defined as a form of intermedial adaptation that involves the integration of elements from multiple artistic texts or media into a single narrative structure. Such adaptation not just transforms a literary text into a different medium, but integrates plot lines, characters, images, thematic motives, etc. from several different literary texts. Thus, integrated adaptation forms a new specific form of artistic representation by combining the elements of intermedial transformation, adaptation, and transmedia narrative extension. The article discusses that, unlike traditional adaptation typically based on a single source, integrated adaptation is characterized by a more complex network of intermedial relations, including the combination of plot lines, characters, and motifs from multiple sources. The phenomenon is illustrated through examples from contemporary popular culture, particularly video games, films, and television series. The article highlights the significant contribution of the Ukrainian video game industry to the development of complex intermedial narratives and outlines prospects for further research in the fields of multimodality and interactive media

MODIFICATION OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article provides a comprehensive linguistic analysis of the English language`s modification as a global communicative tool in the era of digital transformation and socio-cultural globalization. The relevance of the study is driven by the profound crisis of the traditional prescriptive norm, which was based on British or American standards, and the emergence of new forms of linguistic interaction. The authors focus on a shift in the scientific paradigm: the transition from a monocentric model to the recognition of the pluricentric nature of English through the prism of the World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). Special emphasis is placed on the impact of the digital environment (social networks, messenges, and generative artificial intelligence) on the lexicosyntactic structure of the language. The process of neologization, semantic shifts, and the formation of a “flexible norm” that legitimizes simplification and multimodality in network usage are investigated. The article examines the concept of “pragmatic failure” and the barriers to intercultural communication arising from the gap between academic training and real-world language practices. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of theoretical collisions between the “Norm vs. Usage” dichotomy and the substantiation of the criterion of intelligibility as dominant over normative correctness. The practical significance of th work is embodied in the proposal of linguo-didactic solutions: updating teaching methods through the implementation of the Lingua Franca Core model, diversifying students’ acoustic experience, and developing strategies to overcome language anxiety. The conclusions emphasize the need to abandon “native-speakerism” in favor of forming intercultural competence capable of adapting to the shifting digital landscape.

LEXICO-SEMANTIC, SYNTACTIC AND STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORD ‘FLOW’ IN TEXT CORPORA OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DISCOURSE

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

This article examines the semantic structure of the English noun ‘flow’ as it appears in texts referred to scientific and technical discourse. The availability of real texts allows for the “language-speech” dichotomy to be realized. The material used are the text corpora from three technical disciplines: “Automation of Thermal Power Processes”, “Chemical Engineering”, and “Acoustics”. The texts from the first two disciplines primarily describe production processes, while the third, “Acoustics”, focuses on communication means. Thus, it is clear that although the texts embody specialized areas of scientific and technical discourse, their thematic concepts (as well as terminology) are entirely different. Under these unequal conditions, the lexical-semantic, syntactic, and statistical properties of the word ‘flow’ are determined. The total volume of the text corpora amounted to 600,000 tokens, a sufficiently representative figure for the study of speech phenomena. Webster’s normative dictionary is used as the language system capturing the semantic structure of the word ‘flow’. A thorough contextual analysis is used to identify lexical and semantic variants of meanings. These lexical and semantic variants are then compared to the meanings of definitions in the normative dictionary, determining whether they coincide or differ. To describe the syntactic features of the word ‘flow’, contextual analysis is also used to distinguish the basic models in which this word functions, they are eight. The results of the study show that the word ‘flow’ in the texts of the three specialties embodies, although not all, but the main meanings recorded in the normative dictionary definitions. The results also demonstrate that all meanings can be attributed to the general scientific lexical layer. Syntactic characteristics are determined using statistical methods for counting the occurrence of the word ‘flow’ in each of the syntactic models. Of the eight syntactic models found in the texts “Automation of Thermal Power Processes” and “Chemical Engineering” specialties, the word ‘flow’ appears in all models, although the frequency is lower in the “Chemical Engineering” texts. In the acoustics texts it appears in only four of the eight models

LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH INSTRUCTION MANUALS AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The paper focuses on lexical and grammatical peculiarities of English instruction manuals and outlines the main strategies used to translate them into Ukrainian. Instruction manuals are a highly regulated form of technical discourse intended to ensure the safe and effective operation of consumer devices, yet they have not received enough attention and remain insufficiently researched within the English–Ukrainian language combination. The increasing amount of technical documentation in the Ukrainian market and the requirement for precise, user-friendly, and standard-compliant translations make the study relevant. The research concentrates on determining the most common grammatical structures and lexical units in English instruction manuals and examining how these elements are represented in Ukrainian. The material includes authentic instructions for digital gadgets, construction tools, and household appliances. The methodology used in this study combines descriptive and comparative approaches, which makes it possible to trace both the inherent linguistic features of instructional discourse and the transformations applied in translation. The results demonstrate that the lexical profile of instruction manuals consists of general technical vocabulary, devicespecific terminology and risk-related signal words. From a grammatical perspective, English manuals rely on imperatives, modal verbs, passive forms, and concise noun groups. Since many of these structures do not have direct equivalents in Ukrainian, translators frequently employ various lexical and grammatical transformations. The most effective strategies include concretisation, generalisation, addition, omission and reordering, which help maintain clarity, naturalness and functional equivalence. Special attention is paid to the translation of safety markers, where maintaining the hierarchy of risk levels is extremely important for accurate risk communication. The study concludes that effective translation of instruction manuals requires more than linguistic competence: translators must take into account standardisation norms, user perception, and the functional specifics of technical discourse

SCHOLARLY RECEPTION OF PATRICIA LOCKWOOD’S NO ONE IS TALKING ABOUT THIS: MAIN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND VECTORS OF POLEMICS

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

This article presents a meta-analysis of the contemporary scholarly reception of P. Lockwood’s novel No One Is Talking About This (2021), a key text of post-digital literature. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to systematise the numerous interpretations of the work that appeared in Englishlanguage academic discourse between 2023 and 2026. The article aims to outline the main methodological approaches to interpreting the novel and to identify the key vectors of scholarly polemics at their intersections. The research material comprises scholarly publications selected based on their focus on the novel, explicit theoretical framework, and chronological representativeness. The methodology combines meta-analysis and discourse analysis, enabling the identification of four methodological clusters according to which aspect of literature undergoes re-evaluation: novelistic form, subjectivity, ontology of experience and medial materiality. The first cluster analyses the concepts of «clickbait modernism» (B. Sheils), «memesis» (A. Shechtman), and «digital ekphrasis» (J. Straub), demonstrating the transformation of narrative strategies under digital logic. The second cluster encompasses studies of hybrid identity (J. Butt, N. A. Mathankar, R. Malik), where narrative fragmentation serves as a formal correlate of a new configuration of consciousness. The third cluster combines phenomenological (J. R. Worthen) and posthumanist (S. Baelo- Allué, T. D. Sumner) readings that conceptualize subjectivity as embodied yet inseparable from digital flows. The fourth cluster focuses on literature’s medial nature (E. Addis, G. D. Naughton, Y. Pushkarevskaya-Naughton), where the printed book emerges as a material archive of digital culture. The conclusions emphasize the novel’s reception evidences a shift from interpreting a single work to broader questions of literature’s functioning in the post-digital era: the transformation of form, the reconceptualization of subjectivity and the changing medial nature of literature.

LINGUOPRAGMATIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ECOLOGICAL POSTERS ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE RUSSIAN WAR IN UKRAINE

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

This article examines the linguistic and pragmatic features of English-language ecological posters on the consequences of the Russian war in Ukraine, based on a corpus of seventy-two posters selected from the “Poster for Tomorrow” platform, the European Green Party’s campaign materials, the “Shutterstock” platform, and an official Ukrainian government resource. A genre-stylistic typology of the studied ecological posters on the consequences of the Russian war in Ukraine has been established, encompassing appeal posters, warning posters, testimonial posters, and symbolic posters, employing verbal-rhetorical means of persuasion. The dominance of directive speech acts, realised through imperative constructions, as well as representatives, expressives, and declaratives, has been identified. The lexical-semantic organisation of the environmental narrative is structured around thematic clusters of water pollution, the nuclear threat, and the destruction of wildlife in Ukraine, in which environmental terminology interacts with evaluative vocabulary, metaphor, personification, and intertextual references. At the syntactic-rhetorical level, the primary techniques identified are anaphora, parallelism, gradation, paronomasia, and syntactic nominativity, which ensure immediate comprehension of the poster’s message and maximise its emotional and persuasive potential. It has been established that the pragmatic impact of the studied ecological posters on the consequences of the Russian war in Ukraine is organised through three interrelated strategies – sensitisation, accusatory rhetoric, and mobilisation – which simultaneously appeal to the emotions, moral values, and civic responsibility of the international audience. A trend toward the juridification of environmental rhetoric has been identified through appeals to the concept of ecocide and to norms of international law, lending the poster discourse institutional characteristics. It is argued that English-language ecological posters on the war topic constitute a variety of environmental discourse, capable of combining documentary accuracy with a powerful emotional and rhetorical impact, and of situating the ecological crisis of the Russian war in Ukraine within the context of the global climate crisis.

FORMATION OF THE POPULAR CULTURAL AND LITERARY SPACE OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article examines the genesis and functional characteristics of U.S. popular democratic culture in the first half of the 19th century as a fundamental factor in the formation of the national literary discourse. The author analyzes the evolution of scholarly perspectives on the nature of mass literature, tracing its trajectory from being perceived as a «parasitic» phenomenon to its recognition as a valid object of theoretical reflection. The study systematizes six key concepts of popular culture according to J. Storey, facilitating a deeper understanding of this phenomenon’s multifaceted nature within a sociocultural context. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of American Romanticism, which, unlike its European counterparts, developed in the absence of a traditional folkloric foundation or classical heritage. It is argued that the role of the «national soul» in the United States was fulfilled by a vibrant popular democratic culture. The era of Andrew Jackson’s presidency is identified as a turning point that radically altered the paradigm of American letters by legitimizing previously forbidden or marginalized themes: from sharp social satire and sensational reporting to daring experiments with corporeality. The article examines the works of key figures of the «American Renaissance» (E. A. Poe, N. Hawthorne, H. Melville, W. Whitman, R. W. Emerson, and H. D. Thoreau) through the prism of their interaction with «low» genres. The thesis is substantiated that the division into «dark» (pessimistic) and «optimistic» trends is conventional, as both vectors drew from shared sources of the popular press, religious didactics, and commercial literature. The author concludes that American classics are the result of an intense dialogue between elite intellectual strategies and the spontaneous democratism of the masses. Such an approach allows for a reimagining of the genetic links between canonical works and the media landscape of the time, highlighting the uniqueness of the national path of literary development in the United States

MODERN TRAVEL TRENDS: LANGUAGE DIMENSION (BASED ON ENGLISH)

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

Mind-boggling changes in the societal life, significant historical events as well as drastic transformations in the sphere of economy, politics, or culture, total globalization and digitalization of the society are inevitably reflected in the language being an important component of national identity and its cultural code. Among the diversity of language systems and subsystems, the lexico-semantic system appears to be a powerful indicator of language variations, mirrored in both usual and occasional lexical units. The advent of newly-coined lexemes is the evidence of language dynamics and diversification of verbal means in modern English-speaking world. The article aims at identifying main trends in the development of present-day tourism and hospitality sector, verbalized in newly-coined lexical units, phrases, collocations, terms and phenomena. The present study examines a range of issues, in particular describing modern English tourism-related lexicon, analyzing the linguistic nature of neology and terms used to denote new phenomena, concepts, and processes, and exploring theoretical background of their linguistic examination. The article rests on the analysis of the corpus of collected data of neologisms and occasional coinages in the domain of tourism and hospitality. Additionally, the purpose of the research is to classify the abovementioned verbal means into 4 lexico-semantic groups taking into consideration their common denotative meaning. The study is based on the analysis of neologisms and occasional words obtained via continuous sampling method from English media texts. Furthermore, key word formation tools of tourism-related lexicon are substantiated, among which derivation, affixation, compounding, blending, and occasional word formation have proved to be productive. The results of our linguistic analysis reveal a close connection between sociocultural changes, political, historical and globalization processes, as well as language dynamics, which contribute to the formation of a new tourism worldview in English-speaking world.

LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF COWBOY SLANG (BASED ON THE ENGLISH SERIES “YELLOWSTONE”)

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the lexical and semantic features of cowboy slang based on the English-language television series «Yellowstone». The relevance of the study is justified by the growing interest of contemporary linguistics in media texts as representations of sociocultural processes and linguistic practices, as well as the insufficient level of research on professionally marked varieties of slang within media discourse. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the systematic description of cowboy slang as an integral lexical and semantic subsystem of the modern English language, whose functioning is traced in the audiovisual media space. The methodological framework of the research is based on lexical-semantic analysis, which enabled the identification of structural and semantic characteristics of slang units, their functional parameters, and the peculiarities of their realization in the speech of characters. It has been established that cowboy slang forms a distinct semantic class encompassing nominations related to professional activity, social roles, cultural values, and behavioral patterns of the corresponding community. The analyzed linguistic units demonstrate the ability for semantic extension, metaphorization, metonymization, and reinterpretation of meanings, which determines their expressiveness and pragmatic richness. It has been determined that the predominant part of slang units is associated with horseback riding and ranching activities, while certain lexical items acquire symbolic meanings representing the concepts of power, heritage, land, and identity. The role of historical transformations, dialectal influences, and borrowings in the formation of cowboy slang as a sociolect has been emphasized. It is concluded that cowboy slang in media texts functions as a dynamic lexical and semantic system reflecting social hierarchy, professional activity, and worldview of the respective community, as well as serving as an effective means of transmitting cultural meanings in contemporary media discourse

EDITING TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TRANSLATION

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article is devoted to the problem of terminology editing in English Ukrainian scientific and technical translation. The relevance of the research is determined by the integration of Ukrainian science into the global scientific space, where necessitates high-quality translation of scientific and technical literature, as well as the insufficient elaboration of principles for editing terminological units in contemporary translation studies. The aim of the article is to identify and systematize the main types of terminological difficulties arising in translation, to analyze the features of term functioning in scientific and technical texts and to define the principles of editing. The study analyzes the main groups of terms according to their degree of specialization (general scientific, interdisciplinary, narrow-field), structural features (simple, compound, multi-word terms) and origin. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of interlingual asymmetry («false friends of the translator») to be the most common cause of errors in terminology translation. Specific examples illustrate cases of literal calquing, unjustified borrowing and contextual mismatch of terms. The complexity of translating attributive constructions and terminological phrases to require structural transformation when translated into Ukrainian is analyzed separately. The problem of translation variability, where a single English term receives different Ukrainian equivalents within a text, thereby violating the requirement of terminological consistency, is also examined. The dynamic nature of terminology and the necessity of accounting for obsolete terms and contemporary changes in fieldspecific terminology are highlighted. The conclusions state that terminology editing is a key stage in scientific and technical translation, ensuring accuracy, unambiguity and adequacy of information transfer. The main principles of editing are defined: adherence to systematicity, ensuring unambiguity, avoiding undesirable synonymy, using terminological standards, maintaining a balanced approach to foreign borrowings and considering context. The results of the study can be applied in the practice of translation and editing of scientific and technical texts, as well as in courses on translation studies and terminology.

SEMANTICS OF GREEK BIBLICAL EXPRESSIONS IN THE KING JAMES BIBLE

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article addresses the problem of the semantic content of Greek biblical expressions in the process of their rendering from the source text into the target text within the English biblical tradition. The relevance of the study is by the absence of a unified text-critical paradigm regarding the New Testament text and the coexistence of different text-critical approaches to the reconstruction of its original meaning, which directly affects the formation of biblical expressions and their semantic variability in translation. The author proceeds from the assumption that the problem of establishing the authentic text of the New Testament remains unresolved due to the coexistence of competing textual traditions, in particular Textus Receptus and the Majority Text, which structure the manuscript heritage differently and generate divergent interpretative models. In this context, the King James Bible is viewed as a key translation project of the early modern period, integrating Greek, Hebrew, and earlier translation traditions, and exerting a decisive influence on the subsequent development of English biblical discourse. Particular attention is paid to the concept of “light” as a representative of a lexical-semantic field, which makes it possible to trace the mechanisms of preservation and transformation of the semantic core of biblical expressions. It is established that the process of translation involves not only the reproduction of the original meaning but also its contextual reorganization within the Anglocentric linguistic worldview, resulting in the emergence of new semantic emphases. The article substantiates the claim that biblical expressions do not lose their connection with the source text but retain a semantic core within the lexicalsemantic field while exhibiting a variable peripheral zone of meanings, despite differences in translation strategies and textual traditions. The analysis is conducted within the framework of discourse-functional and linguocultural approaches, taking into account the anthropocentric paradigm of contemporary linguistics. It is demonstrated that the semantics of Greek biblical expressions is shaped through the interaction between the source text and the translation tradition, where each new translation not only reproduces but also partially modifies the semantic structure of the biblical utterance. The study concludes that the investigation of the semantic dynamics of biblical expressions within the conceptual domain of “light” makes it possible to identify stable mechanisms for preserving the semantic core alongside its adaptation to different linguocultural contexts

RENDERING THE PARTICIPLE IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN MILITARY TEXTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article examines the rendering of the participle and participial constructions in the translation of English and Ukrainian military texts. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing role of military translation and by the structural asymmetry of English and Ukrainian in expressing processual features. The aim of the research is to identify the main models and translation transformations used in rendering the participle in English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English translation of military texts. The object of the study is the participle and participial constructions as grammatical means of expressing processual features in English and Ukrainian military discourse, whereas the subject is the ways, models, and translation transformations involved in their rendering in English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English translation. The material of the study comprises English-language and Ukrainian-language military texts selected from open-access official, doctrinal, and analytical sources. The research employs contrastive, contextual-interpretive, and translation analysis. It has been established that in English the participle is a productive means of syntactic compression, while in Ukrainian its functioning is more limited and often requires syntactic expansion. It is proved that the choice of a translation strategy depends not only on the grammatical form itself, but also on the genre of the text, its pragmatic orientation, terminological environment, and the requirement for accuracy and unambiguity. The most common translation solutions include rendering by means of a participle, an adjective, a finite verb form, a subordinate clause, a verbal adverbial construction, or a descriptive structure. The study shows that English-Ukrainian translation is characterized mainly by segmentation, substitution, and subordinate expansion, whereas Ukrainian-English translation tends to compress meaning through participial forms. The scientific novelty lies in substantiating a functional-pragmatic approach to participle translation in military discourse, according to which priority should be given not to the formal preservation of a grammatical pattern, but to the adequate rendering of logical-semantic relations and the communicative function of the utterance. The practical value of the results lies in their applicability to the training of military translators and the teaching of translation-oriented disciplines.

LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF THE EPIC FANTASY GENRE

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

In contemporary literary and translation studies, considerable attention is devoted to the fantasy genre, which combines mythological and cultural elements within a fictional world. The relevance of this study stems from the growing popularity of epic fantasy and the necessity of a deeper understanding of its linguistic and cultural features, which shape the work’s fictional space, including symbolic and historical allusions and socio-cultural markers. The aim of this article is to identify the linguistic and cultural means that ensure the representation of cultural codes and symbols in works of epic fantasy, and to analyse their role in the construction of the fictional world and its artistic logic. The study classifies fantasy into epic, heroic, dark, urban, historical, romantic, humorous and cosy subgenres, enabling the systematisation of literary models and the identification of specific linguistic and cultural markers. The main findings demonstrate that epic fantasy texts are rich in toponyms, anthroponyms, historical allusions, stylised character speech, cultural concepts and symbolic imagery, which together form a coherent model of the fictional world. The conclusions emphasise the significance of analysing linguocultural markers for comprehending the artistic world of fantasy, particularly when rendering the cultural and symbolic components of the text. The study illustrates that linguocultural markers perform not only a nominative but also a world-building function, as they structure the imaginary space, outline the boundaries of cultural communities and shape the historical memory of the fictional world, stimulate the reader’s imagination and facilitate deep interaction with the text. An analysis of such elements allows us to clearly trace the interaction between language, culture and the author’s poetics, as well as to identify the mechanisms by which the reader interprets the fictional reality of epic fantasy. Particular attention is paid to the role of proper names, cultural references and stylised linguistic forms in creating a sense of depth and authenticity in a fictional world. These factors significantly enhance the cultural expressiveness of the text, its interpretative potential and the possibilities for cross-cultural translation.

TRANSTEXTUAL CONNECTIONS IN THE ANIMATED CHRISTIAN FILM “THE KING OF KINGS” (2025): INTERMEDIAL AND MULTIMODAL DIMENSIONS

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

The article explores intermedial and multimodal manifestations of transtextuality in the contemporary English-language animated Christian film “The King of Kings” (2025). It has been determined that animation is a complex hybrid phenomenon that reflects a deep and comprehensive textual dialogue in combination with intermedial syncretism of the arts and captivating multimodal design: textual, visual, aural, gestural, spatial, olfactory, and gustatory. It has been highlighted that intermedial references and medial transpositions as subtypes of intermediality (according to I. Rajewsky’s classification) are the key features in the analysed animated video. It has been found that the animated film The King of Kings (2025) is both a result and a process of combining different media and medial forms. The article proves that the explicit and implicit coexistence of texts in animation constitutes a form of transtextuality or textual transcendence (according to G. Genette), which is highlighted in the form of: 1) intertextual direct citation, i.e. quotation-word, quotation-phrase, quotation-sentence, quotationfragment of the text; intertextual indirect citation, i.e. paraphrase, intertextretelling, reminiscence, allusion; 2) paratextual relation that connects the animated film with its structural parts: title, epigraph, preface, foregrounding, afterword, epilogue, postscript, notes, illustrations, advertising; 3) metatextual commentary, explanation, edification, interpretation, assumption, question / answer, addition and expansion of information; 4) hypertextual comprehensive transformation, modification, translation, adaptation, expansion of the new hypertext at the expense of the previous hypotext; 5) architextual genre dialogue and the connection of homogeneous and heterogeneous texts. A promising area of further research is a study of manifestations of interdiscursivity, intericonicity and related concepts in contemporary Englishlanguage Christian animation.

VERBAL AND NONVERBAL MODES OF BRAND CONSTRUCTION IN MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE

2026-05-13T09:52:23+03:00

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of verbal and nonverbal modes as tools for brand construction in contemporary English-language multimodal discourse (using M&M’s as a case study). The research was conducted using a number of techniques and methods, including: complete sampling, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, descriptive, comparative, contextual, semantic and stylistic methods. It has been established that throughout its history in the modern English-language mass media communication space, the analyzed brand has evolved significantly due to the transformation of the initially established perceptual experience into a social one. It has been substantiated that the construction of meaning occurs through the symbiosis of verbal and non-verbal modes, each of which plays its own role. The distinctive features of nonverbal modes as communicatively significant and semantically loaded units designed to emphasize brand identity and support its recognition have been outlined. It has been established that nonverbal modes are brought to life not only through the characters’ movements, but also through tempo, rhythm, and repetitive patterns, which correlate with archetypes that reflect playfulness and inclusivity. It has been summarized that none of the modes can be considered as of primary importance, since each of them has its own weight and is designed to symbiotically emphasize the content. Considerable attention has been focused on the mechanisms of meaning creation of the M&M’s brand, which is actualized by verbal and nonverbal means. Significant attention is focused on archetypes, each of which reflects a specific decade (Creator/Everyman; Authenticity/Jester; Expansion/Fun/Explorer; Everyman/ Jester; Innovation/Hero; Play/Individuality/Jester; Innovation/Participation/ Jester; Everyman/Creator/Jester; Everyman/Caregiver/Inclusive Creator/ Citizen). The processes of resemantization and recontextualization of meanings as a response to the challenges of the 21st century have been illustrated. The carried out brand analysis used a number of tools that enabled comprehensive decoding of true meanings in an evolutionary dimension through the prism of all involved modes, semantic and stylistic markers

THE IMAGE OF THE “UNCONVENTIONAL POLICEMAN” IN THE FRENCH DETECTIVE NOVEL: A LINGUOSTYLISTIC ANALYSIS

2026-05-13T09:52:22+03:00

The article presents an analysis of lexical and syntactic stylistic devices that construct Commissioner Adamsberg’s image in the detective novel «L’homme aux cercles bleus» by contemporary French writer Fred Vargas. The study aims to identify linguistic instruments that contribute to the character’s individualization and serve as markers of the French police novel’s genre transformation. The research draws on linguostylistic, contextual, and interpretive-analytical methods. Fred Vargas is shown to create a multilayered image of police Commissioner, which transcends the traditional type of police investigator. The study reveals that the commissioner’s intuitive investigative method, unconventional personality, profound inner world, and distinctive worldview are conveyed through a variety of stylistic devices: epithets, metaphors, comparisons, hyperbole, irony, antitheses, parallel constructions, lexical and syntactic repetitions. The image of the police commissioner, both external and internal portraits, is largely defined by paradoxicality: disharmonious appearance combines with attractiveness, detachment with vulnerability, and a non-systematic, intuitive investigative method with effective results. Such a construction of the character through diverse stylistic techniques provides integrity and originality to his image and distinguishes him among other detective figures. The analysis argues that stylistic devices indicate the genre transformation of the French crime novel contributing to shifts in the image of the investigator, one of the key characteristics of the detective genre. The psychological expressiveness and literary multidimensionality of the novel bring it closer to “serious” artistic prose, attesting to its hybrid nature as a combination of the traditional detective scheme with elements of psychological and philosophical fiction. The findings may be used for further study on the function of linguistic means in the genre transformations of the modern French detective.

LEXICAL RECOGNIZABILITY IN TEXT PROCESSING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE

2026-05-13T09:52:22+03:00

The article examines lexical recognizability as a multidimensional psycholinguistic phenomenon emerging in connected reading rather than in isolated word paradigms. While traditional research on visual word recognition has primarily focused on orthographic, phonological, and morphological processing of single words, less attention has been devoted to how lexical access operates within coherent discourse. The study addresses this gap by analyzing lexical recognizability in literary texts, emphasizing the interaction between bottom-up lexical properties and top-down contextual constraints. The theoretical framework is based on Morris’s four-level model, which includes morphological structure, word familiarity, grammatical class (content versus function words), and lexical ambiguity. Using a qualitative analytical approach, excerpts from Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Cormac McCarthy’s The Road are examined to illustrate how these dimensions function dynamically in descriptive and minimalist prose. The analysis demonstrates that lexical recognition in discourse is adaptive and context-sensitive: word frequency and orthographic familiarity alone do not determine processing ease. Instead, recognition depends on the compatibility between lexical input and the developing discourse model. The findings highlight the role of morphological decomposition, phonological activation, contextual prediction, and stylistic cues in shaping word accessibility during reading. Literary context amplifies the interaction between lexical features and narrative expectations, revealing how readers integrate ambiguous, low-frequency, or morphologically complex words into coherent mental representations. The study contributes to psycholinguistics by bridging classic models of lexical access with literary text analysis and by conceptualizing lexical recognizability as a situated, integrative process in natural reading environments

ORTHOGRAPHIC FLUCTUATIONS IN THE 1916 AND 1917 EDITIONS OF“WHY DO WE WANT AN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE?” BY STEPAN RUDNYTSKYI

2026-05-13T09:52:22+03:00

The article presents a comparative analysis of orthographic fluctuations in four publicist works by Stepan Rudnytskyi: two editions of “Why do we want an independent Ukraine?” (1916 and September 1917) and two editions of “What kind of independent Ukraine do we need?” (May and July 1917). These texts constitute a revealing case of works close in time and provenance, making it possible to trace not only individual orthographic differences but also the consistency of authorial or editorial decisions. The main features of the 1916 original are divided into four groups: the first comprises direct correspondences to the norm, the second covers dialectal phenomena, the third includes deviations, and the fourth focuses on those features that confirm a shift in the West Ukrainian character of the text’s language toward a common Ukrainian standard. In seeking to carry out a structural analysis of the earliest edition and determine its conformity with “Gramatyka of Ruska Mova” by Stepan Smal-Stotskyi and Theodor Gartner (1914), we established that the language of the work belongs to the western variant of standard Ukrainian. The fluctuations identified here manifest themselves primarily at the orthographic level (for example, doubled consonants in nouns such as “робленє” and “робленнє” (“doing”), “корінє” and “коріннє” (“roots”); inconsistent use of the apostrophe; and the writing of the grammatical particles “що”, “небудь”, and “ж” both together and separately). Variability has also been confirmed at the lexical and phonetic levels. The second edition of September 1917, while preserving the style of the previous one, reveals deliberate, though not always consistent, revisions that show a tendency to lengthen “-н-” to “-нн-” in neuter nouns of the second declension and to narrow the use of the phoneme [g] in loanwords. The analysis of the two editions of the brochure “What kind of independent Ukraine do we need?” confirmed their continuity with the style of “Why do we want an independent Ukraine?” and at the same time brought to light new changes not previously attested, the most striking of which is the spelling of the name “Європа” instead of “Европа” (“Europe”). In sum, it is concluded that the fluctuations identified reflect a heterogeneous picture of the coexistence of norm and usage in publicist writing and demonstrate broader patterns in the convergence of regional variants of the standard Ukrainian in the early twentieth century. Cases of non-conformity further support the thesis that the approved orthography was not adhered to strictly in Ukrainian circles in Austria-Hungary at the beginning of the twentieth century.

“THE LITTLE FRIEND” BY D. TARTT: ON THE PROBLEM OF GENRE SPECIFICITY

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

This article is devoted to highlighting the issue of the genre specificity of the novel “The Little Friend” by D. Tartt. As a result of the analysis of the work, the conclusions were drawn that it is an example of an intrageneric genre synthesis. In addition to the features of a thriller and a Gothic novel already differentiated by scientists, there are features of a detective story, a family chronicle, a domestic historical novel, and a “coming of age” (“coming of age stories”). The novel is similar to a detective narrative in that it has motives for a crime, a mystery, an investigation, and types of characters (a victim, an amateur detective and his naive assistant, as well as a false suspect). However, the resolution inherent in a detective story is absent – the exposure of the real criminal and the triumph of the investigator. The depiction of three generations of the Cleve family, united by a family estate, the sale and destruction of which symbolizes the collapse of their well-being, the themes of heredity and mental deviations, and the detailed representation of traditions and family life make D. Tartt’s work similar to a family chronicle. The correlation with a domestic historical novel is due to the careful reproduction of the atmosphere of American life in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century: American dishes, drinks, toys, films and TV series, brands and prestigious companies. The world of everyday things becomes a source of significant emotions for the characters of «Little Friend», determines their identity, affiliation to a certain social class, their own family, etc. D. Tartt also pays great attention to the racial and social conflicts of the time, the biased attitude of «decent citizens» towards «others», and the problem of drug trafficking. Each of the characters in «Little Friend» is a product of his time, whose personality and fate are largely determined by the socio-historical environment to which he belongs. In addition to the above, the novel can also be defined as a «coming of age»: the entire plot is built around the story of Harriet’s coming of age, who, through her own experiences, mistakes, conflicts, and self-reflection, is formed as a person. In the process of growing up, Harriet questions the commonplace truths and gradually moves from purely childish rebellion to an adolescent awareness of the imperfection of the world.

PARTICULARITIES OF TRANSLATING INCLUSIVE DISCOURSE TERMINOLOGY

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

In modern linguistics, inclusive discourse attracts considerable scholarly attention because it reflects current social trends toward equality, nondiscrimination, and respect for the diversity of social groups. Inclusive language seeks to avoid biased, stigmatizing, or discriminatory expressions and to ensure respectful representation of people regardless of gender, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, or social status. In the context of expanding international communication and the increasing importance of translation in academic, institutional, and public domains, the issue of adequately rendering the terms of inclusive discourse in different languages has become especially relevant. The article explores the transfer of inclusive terminology and proposes its thematic grouping according to semantic and functional features. Particular attention is given to the difficulties that arise when translating notions related to inclusive education, accessibility, and social integration, since such concepts are deeply embedded in cultural values and institutional practices. The study analyses key terms that shape the contemporary understanding of inclusion, including diversity, accessibility, and inclusive learning environment. Its theoretical framework combines discourse analysis with comparative text study, making it possible to examine both semantic content and contextual use. The paper identifies the main translation strategies applied to inclusive vocabulary, namely euphemisation, descriptive translation, transliteration, calquing, and adaptation. It also demonstrates that the choice of translation strategy depends not only on lexical equivalence, but also on pragmatic effect, cultural sensitivity, and the social acceptability of the target expression. Furthermore, the study traces the close relationship between linguistic choices and value orientations in society, showing that language does not merely reflect inclusion but actively shapes public attitudes toward it. The findings indicate that inclusive discourse contributes to social development, strengthens support for diverse population groups, and promotes the implementation of the principles of equality, accessibility, and respect for human dignity.

PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN THE DISCOURSE OF UKRAINE CONFLICT SETTLEMENT NEGOTIATIONS

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

The article presents a pragmalinguistic analysis of conceptual metaphors in the diplomatic discourse of peace negotiations concerning the settlement of the armed conflict in Ukraine. The research corpus comprises transcripts of UN Security Council and UN General Assembly meetings held in 2024–2026 and dedicated to discussions of ceasefire conditions and peaceful resolution; the total corpus size is approximately 120,000 words, with 47 delegations represented as speakers. The aim of the study is to identify structural types of conceptual metaphors and to establish their pragmatic functions within the discourse under investigation. The methodological framework draws on Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, the MIPVU metaphor identification procedure, and Brown and Levinson’s face management theory. The analysis of 643 identified metaphorical units has revealed four dominant conceptual models: NEGOTIATIONS ARE A JOURNEY (38.4%), instantiated through «path to peace», «steps towards», «move the parties towards ceasefire»; PEACE IS A BUILDING (30.8%), instantiated through «robust security guarantees», «parameters of peace», «uphold sovereignty»; NEGOTIATIONS ARE A DEMARCATED SPACE (22.4%), instantiated through «red lines», «abide by agreements», «will not agree to any foreign diktat»; and CONFLICT IS A NATURAL FORCE (8.4%), instantiated through «spiral of conflicts», «game of nuclear roulette», «cycle of escalation». At the pragmatic level, motion metaphors construct a cooperative speaker stance through positive politeness strategies; construction metaphors legitimize demands by framing them as neutral technical requirements; spatial boundary metaphors mark confrontational positions and threaten negative face; and natural force metaphors reduce speaker agency and redistribute responsibility for escalation. A systematic correlation has been established between the type of metaphorical model and the communicative strategy of a delegation: mediating parties consistently employ journey and construction metaphors, whereas confrontational stances are marked by spatial metaphors with rigid, inviolable boundaries. The findings reveal pragmatic mechanisms of influence in diplomatic discourse and confirm the constitutive role of metaphor in shaping negotiation identities.

TYPOLOGY OF TRANSFORMATIONS IN MACHINE TRANSLATION POST-EDITING: LEXICAL, SYNTACTIC, AND DISCOURSE LEVELS

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

This article analyses the transformations that arise during the post-editing of neural machine translation output. The study aims to develop a systematic typology of changes introduced by human translators when editing machinegenerated texts. The proposed framework distinguishes three interconnected levels of textual organization: lexical, syntactic, and discourse. The theoretical background of the research draws on contemporary studies of neural machine translation, post-editing practices, and functional approaches to translation transformations. The empirical material consists of a parallel micro-corpus compiled from the educational and legal textbook The Reckoning Project @ WCEE. The dataset includes three aligned versions of the text: the English source text, a Ukrainian machine translation generated with DeepL, and a final human-post-edited version. The corpus exceeds 150,000 word forms across the three versions. The analysis is based on systematic comparison between MT and PE segments, with the minimal functionally relevant difference taken as the unit of analysis. The findings reveal that most post-editing operations occur at the lexical level and involve semantic specification, removal of calques, register adjustment, and terminological normalization. Discourse-level interventions focus on restoring cohesion, aligning thematic progression, and standardizing the genre structure of the document. Syntactic transformations appear less frequently and mainly include sentence segmentation, restructuring of clause relations, and reduction of information density to improve readability. The results demonstrate that post-editing should not be viewed as only error correction. Instead, it functions as a process of secondary textual organization in which the human translator integrates machine-generated output into the linguistic, professional, and institutional norms of the target environment

FORMATION OF TERMINOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN DIGITAL COMMUNITIES: FROM FAN CULTURE TO FAN DISCOURSE

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

The article presents a comprehensive study of the processes of formation and functioning of terminological systems in digital communities based on fan discourse. The relevance of the study is determined by the rapid development of digital technologies and the expansion of online communication, which lead to the emergence of new types of terminological units formed outside institutionalized domains of knowledge and not fully consistent with classical approaches to terminology studies. Particular attention is paid to fan culture as a type of participatory communication within which new terms are actively produced and disseminated. The aim of the study is to identify the specific features of term formation in fan culture, analyze their structural and semantic characteristics, determine their communicative functions, and establish the role of digital platforms in the codification and dissemination of terminology. The research material includes fan fiction texts, user comments, story descriptions, tagging systems, and metadata presented on modern digital platforms. The study employs structural-semantic, discourse-analytical, and descriptiveanalytical methods, as well as elements of corpus analysis. The findings demonstrate that terminological systems of fan discourse are characterized by openness, dynamism, and a high degree of variability. Terminological units are formed through various word-formation and semantic mechanisms, including abbreviation, blending, compounding, and semantic shift of general vocabulary. It is established that such terms perform not only a nominative function but also classificatory, organizational, identificatory, and pragmatic functions, ensuring effective interaction among community members and structuring of content. The study also proves that digital platforms play a key role in the codification of terminology through tagging systems, metadata, and search algorithms, contributing to its partial standardization and rapid dissemination while preserving its flexibility and openness to change.

INTERTEXTUALITY IN PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of intertextuality in professional discourse as a key category of modern discourse analysis and an important mechanism for organizing professional communication. The relevance of the study is determined by the insufficient systematization of approaches to the analysis of intertextual relations within professional speech, despite considerable scholarly attention to this phenomenon in literary, media, and publicistic discourses. The paper outlines the theoretical foundations for the study of intertextuality, clarifies its place within the structure of professional discourse, and characterizes the specifics of its realization under the conditions of normativity, standardization, and institutional determination of professional communication. Based on the analysis of legal, regulatory, analytical, and managerial texts, the main types of intertextuality are identified, namely explicit, implicit, interdiscursive, and hypertextual. Accordingly, the models of their realization are proposed: normative-referential, interpretative-analytical, template-precedent, and multimodal-hypertextual. It is demonstrated that intertextual elements perform a complex of interrelated functions, including referential-legitimizing, informative-structuring, cognitive-integrative, argumentative, standardizing, navigational, and interpretative ones. These functions ensure textual coherence, logical organization, compliance with institutional norms, and the effective transmission of professional knowledge. The article also reveals the pragmatic potential of intertextuality, manifested in its ability to optimize professional communication through linguistic economy, increased accuracy of interpretation, regulation of interaction between communicative participants, and enhancement of argumentative impact. The role of intertextuality in shaping discursive identity and ensuring the interactivity of professional communication is also outlined. It is concluded that intertextuality is a system-forming factor of professional discourse, ensuring its structural organization, semantic integrity, and pragmatic effectiveness, as well as serving as a necessary condition for the transmission, interpretation, and development of knowledge in the modern communicative space.

CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE MEANS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN ENGLISH DISCOURSE

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

The article presents a corpus-based analysis of language means of public administration in English discourse. The relevance of the study is обусловлена the growing role of English as a language of international administrative communication and the need for empirically grounded approaches to the analysis of professional discourse. The aim of the research is to identify the structural-semantic, frequency, and functional-pragmatic features of language means of public administration based on corpus data. The research material consists of lexical and textual data selected from the British National Corpus, the electronic resource A Dictionary of Business and Management, as well as the academic publication Handbook of Public Administration. The study employs corpus-based, descriptive, structuralsemantic methods and elements of quantitative analysis. The results show that English public administration discourse is characterized by a high level of terminologization, standardization, and the dominance of nominative structures. The core vocabulary has been identified, including such units as policy, governance, accountability, and regulation, which form the conceptual basis of the discourse. Typical collocations and frequency patterns of their functioning have been determined, with noun phrases and multi-component terminological constructions prevailing. The stylistic and pragmatic features of language means have been characterized, including formalization, the use of nominalization, passive constructions, and formulaic expressions. It has been proven that language means perform regulatory, informative, and persuasive functions, ensuring the effectiveness of administrative communication. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the corpus-based approach to the study of professional discourse and open prospects for further research in the field of corpus linguistics and public administration

GASTRONOMIC CODES IN THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH LANGUAGES: REPRESENTATION IN MODERN MEDIA AND CULINARY DISCOURSE

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

The article presents a comprehensive linguistic analysis of gastronomic codes in English and French within modern media and culinary discourse. The relevance of the study stems from the growing role of gastronomic vocabulary as a key component of the linguistic worldview, representing cultural values, social practices and national traditions. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of gastronomic vocabulary under the influence of globalisation, mass culture, and digital communication. The aim of the article is to identify the features of gastronomic codes in contemporary English– and French-language media landscape, and to highlight their role in shaping emotional, social, and cultural meanings. The study employs descriptive, comparative, and contextual methods to examine patterns of gastronomic terminology in digital discourse. The findings show that English-language media discourse is characterised by a high degree of expressiveness, metaphorical usage, and slang variation, actively representing emotional states, social interactions, and physical characteristics. In contrast, French discourse demonstrates greater stability and preservation of traditional gastronomic terms reflecting cultural heritage and everyday food practices. The study also reveals a gradual convergence of gastronomic codes across languages and cultures in the context of globalization and digitalisation, leading to new forms and meanings. This highlights the dynamism of gastronomic vocabulary and its adaptability to changing socio-cultural realities. Consequently, gastronomic codes perform not only nominative, but also communicative-pragmatic and conceptual functions, serving as a tool for intercultural interaction and the representation of national identity. Further research may expand cross-linguistic analysis of gastronomic vocabulary and explore its development in digital discourse, particularly in social media, meme culture, blogging. and multimedia platforms.

METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING THE POETICS OF NARRATIVE IN METAMODERN WORKS FROM COGNITIVE-NARRATOLOGICAL AND LINGUOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES (CASE STUDY OF THE NOVELS BY K. ISHIGURO)

2026-05-13T09:51:41+03:00

This article features the development of a comprehensive methodology for analyzing the poetics of narrative in the metamodern novels of Kazuo Ishiguro, integrating cognitive-narratological and linguocultural perspectives. The study focuses on the specificity of unnatural narrativity, genre modifications, focalization features, and the interaction of linguistic and cultural means that shape the mechanisms of meaning-making in the literary text and its interpretation. The proposed methodology provides for a multi-level analysis: the contextual-poetic level allows for the reconstruction of cultural codes, archetypal models, and genre-related prerequisites of the works; the macropoetic level examines the overall narrative organization, event structure, the ontology of the fictional world, and the configuration of literary images; the cognitive-narratological level is aimed at identifying the ways meaning is constructed through systems of literary images, internal focalization, character introspection, and the reader’s construeing of cognitive processes; the interpretive-receptive level analyzes readers’ interpretive strategies, culturally conditioned interpretive models, and mechanisms generating cognitiveemotional tension. Studying “The Remains of the Day”, “Never Let Me Go” and “Klara and the Sun” as examples, it is shown that unnatural narration, reduced eventfulness, specific focalization, and genre transformations create a unique space of interaction between the literary text and the reader, where meaning arises not from plot conflicts but through reflection, moral evaluation, and cognitive reconstruction of events. The study demonstrates the interaction of Japanese and Western cultural codes, which, through universal and cultural archetypes, shape character images, define the specifics of narrative organization, and directly influence the reader’s interpretive and meaning-making processes. The proposed methodology opens up prospects for further research into the poetics of metamodern narrative, particularly unnatural narration, and the cognitive and culturally conditioned mechanisms of contemporary Anglophone literary interpretation and reception.

NOMINATIVE ORGANISATION OF SIMPLE SENTENCE IN THE MODERN GERMAN LANGUAGE (BASED ON MEDIA DISCOURSE)

2026-05-13T09:51:40+03:00

This article offers a nominative study of the simple sentence in the modern German language based on media discourse. Important terms of syntax, such as “simple sentence”, “clause”, “word order”, “parts of the sentence”, “formalgrammatical and semantic-syntactical organisation” of the simple sentence and others are discussed here too. The simple sentence (or monome) is a kind of the sentence, which is built by a subject-predicate basic structure and can include secondary parts of the sentence. Such a basic sentence can be expanded by one of the secondary parts of the sentence: an object, an attribute or an adverbial modifier. Two or more secondary parts of the sentence can be used at the same time. During the study of the simple sentence of the media discourse in the formalgrammatical aspect, it was revealed, that the sentence is often expanded in a mixed way, where an object and an adverbial modifier (often modifier of time, place and others) or an attribute and an adverbial modifier are added to the sentence. Sometimes several secondary parts of the sentence of the same kind can be used in the sentence to expand it, for example, several adverbial modifiers. All elements are placed in the sentence according to two classical schemas: direct word order and inversion. Both ways of arranging of parts of the sentence are used almost equally often. If the sentence is built with inversion, an adverbial modifier or an object is mostly located on the first place. Every part of the sentence can be represented in a different way: as a word, a phrase, an infinitive complex or a participle complex. It is typical for a subject, a predicate and an attribute, to have a form of a word, at the same time an object and an adverbial modifier are usually added as a phrase. If one of the parts of the sentence is represented in a complex way, the rest of the parts have a form of a word or a phrase only. The balance in the sentence is kept in a such way. If it is necessary, a part of the simple sentence can be parceled, that increases the concentration of the attention on the detached part of the sentence. In the semantic-syntactical aspect the simple sentence is a micro-situation, where there is a proposition; it consists of a predicate and several arguments. The simple sentence of media discourse is traditionally full und completed. Obligatory valences of predicates are filled. If it is necessary, other arguments can be added to each other.