NOMINATIVE ORGANISATION OF SIMPLE SENTENCE IN THE MODERN GERMAN LANGUAGE (BASED ON MEDIA DISCOURSE)

Abstract

This article offers a nominative study of the simple sentence in the modern German language based on media discourse. Important terms of syntax, such as “simple sentence”, “clause”, “word order”, “parts of the sentence”, “formalgrammatical and semantic-syntactical organisation” of the simple sentence and others are discussed here too. The simple sentence (or monome) is a kind of the sentence, which is built by a subject-predicate basic structure and can include secondary parts of the sentence. Such a basic sentence can be expanded by one of the secondary parts of the sentence: an object, an attribute or an adverbial modifier. Two or more secondary parts of the sentence can be used at the same time. During the study of the simple sentence of the media discourse in the formalgrammatical aspect, it was revealed, that the sentence is often expanded in a mixed way, where an object and an adverbial modifier (often modifier of time, place and others) or an attribute and an adverbial modifier are added to the sentence. Sometimes several secondary parts of the sentence of the same kind can be used in the sentence to expand it, for example, several adverbial modifiers. All elements are placed in the sentence according to two classical schemas: direct word order and inversion. Both ways of arranging of parts of the sentence are used almost equally often. If the sentence is built with inversion, an adverbial modifier or an object is mostly located on the first place. Every part of the sentence can be represented in a different way: as a word, a phrase, an infinitive complex or a participle complex. It is typical for a subject, a predicate and an attribute, to have a form of a word, at the same time an object and an adverbial modifier are usually added as a phrase. If one of the parts of the sentence is represented in a complex way, the rest of the parts have a form of a word or a phrase only. The balance in the sentence is kept in a such way. If it is necessary, a part of the simple sentence can be parceled, that increases the concentration of the attention on the detached part of the sentence. In the semantic-syntactical aspect the simple sentence is a micro-situation, where there is a proposition; it consists of a predicate and several arguments. The simple sentence of media discourse is traditionally full und completed. Obligatory valences of predicates are filled. If it is necessary, other arguments can be added to each other.