LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION AS AN ELEMENT OF A LITERARY TEXT

Abstract

The functional characteristics of landscape description as an element of a literary text is researched in the article. The author examines chronotopе as a local-temporal unity. Besides the author points out that landscape description is a part and parcel of a work of fiction from the viewpoint of compositionspeech organization. The research is based on multi-functional character of landscape description and its basic feature – systematically conditioned text links between local and global plans for representation of a communicative situation. Landscape descriptions are characterized by such significant features as extralinguistic base, antropocentricity, interactivity, the distinct structural-logical scheme. Time and space in a literary text are often so interconnected that they are impossible to separate, therefore chronotopе is considered to be a local-temporal unity. In literary chronotopе space and time signs are united. Time signs are revealed in space and space is measured by time. This interaction and interconnection of time and space defines literary chronotopе. The world of a fiction work which is a creative reflection of the environment correlates not only with space-time peculiarities but, first of all, with the depiction of the real world pictures. Hence, landscape description may operate as an element of a literary text chronotopе as landscape description serves as realization of time in space and depiction of a number of space images which emerge in our mind when we try to imagine the definite time. Though the landscape has an accepted meaning of the static background for events, nevertheless landscape description may depict the dynamic processes in nature as well. The dynamic essense of landscape may show the time duration. The time signs of landscape descriptions may be described as follows: - winter, summer, autumn, spring; - night, morning, day, evening; - according to landscape peculiarities: mountain, forest, sea, etc. - according to area: rural, urban. The author illustrates the function of landscape description as an element of chronotopе on the example of “The Forsyte Saga” by J. Galsworthy.