SUBSTITUTION AS A MECHANISM OF LINGUISTIC PROTECTIONISM (BASED ON GERMAN LANGUAGE MATERIAL AT THE TURN OF THE ХХІ CENTURY)

Abstract

The article explores the problems of creation and dissemination of substitute words in modern German language meant to replace English-originated borrowings. Factors ensuring sustainable disposal, i.e. vocabulary incorporation, of either Anglo- Americanisms or corresponding German substitutes are being revealed. The modern trends of the borrowings’ integration into German language, such as the prevalence of English words, the borrowings’ penetration at various language strata, massive borrowings, are considered. Such consequences of globalization as Americanization, problems of language identity conservation, lookup for languages of international communication in the process of political, economic and cross–cultural dialogue are defined. Language policies regulating eexcessive borrowings, namely the role of the state language as a component of national security in the context of intensifying globalization, are being analyzed. Factors complicating further coming into use for lexical items competing with Anglo-Americanisms are being determined. Gradual domination of international English-originated borrowings in the German lexical system can be observed. The borrowings’ integration into derivative system of German language tends to be inclusive: the borrowings can bear connections either to German word-formative elements, to basic German morphemes or to another borrowing’s basis forming henceforth a hybrid lexical system. As opposed to the earlier stages of language evolution, at the turn of the XXI century borrowings are being widely implemented in all the areas and used by almost all native speakers.