IMAGE SCHEMAS IN CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS: THE CASE OF CONCEPT EDUCATION IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
Abstract
The study focuses on the lexical representation of the concept EDUCATION in the English, French, Ukrainian, and Russian languages. The concept under analysis is verbalized by the key nouns education, éducation, освіта, образование and their derivatives. The objectives of the study are to establish the mental structures of human cognition that underlie the concept EDUCATION in English, French, Ukrainian, and Russian and to compare the language means of representing the concept EDUCATION in the languages under analysis. Materials used in the present research include data retrieved from English, French, and Russian language corpora, newspapers and magazines, books by English, French, Ukrainian, and Russian authors. Conceptual analysis is the method used to establish the mental structures of human cognition that underlie the concept EDUCATION in English, French, Ukrainian, and Russian.
Human understanding of the abstract phenomenon of education is based on repeated behavioural or experiential patterns known as image schemas. The research showed that the representation of the concept EDUCATION relies on the similar set of image schemas in the languages under analysis. In English, French, Ukrainian, and Russian conceptualization of EDUCATION is based on the image schemas PROCESS, OBJECT, CONTAINER, and PART – WHOLE. The image schemas are either named directly (image schema PROCESS) or manifest themselves in the types of relations or attributes associated with a certain image schema. For example, image schema PART-WHOLE represents concept EDUCATION as a component in the bigger structure or an element that can be modified.
Quantitative analysis was allowed to establish that the significance of individual image schemas varies across languages under analysis. In English and French languages there is a tendency to emphasize the procedural component of education. It is evident in the fact concept EDUCATION relies on image schema PROCESS that allows speakers to transfer experience gained through perception and motor bodily function to high-level cognition. In Ukrainian and Russian languages the effectiveness or results of education are important for the conceptualization. In Ukrainian and Russian languages image schema OBJECT became the basis of representation the concept under analysis.
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