TRANSLATING LINGUISTIC AND COUNTRY REALIAS

Abstract

Translating of the national and cultural concepts represented by linguistic and country realias presents particular theoretical and practical significance in translation studies and requires a special attention in globalization processes for understanding and tolerance. The paper aims at scrutinizing the meaning of realia as means of representing of national and cultural concepts through translation point of view and to identify the ways of reproducing English linguistic and country realias in the Ukrainian language. The material of the research is English-language linguistic and country study texts. Realies are linguistic units that verbalize unique national and cultural concepts inherent in a particular ethnic group, nationality, and which are absent in other cultures, which causes problems in finding equivalent ways to reproduce them in the translation language. The article describes the effective ways of reproducing realities from the source language (SL) into translation language (TL) such as transcription, linguistic calque, descriptive periphrasis contextual interpretation, and hyperonymic renaming in linguistic and cultural texts. Transcription is one of the effective means to reproduce the phonetic sounds of realias from the source language into the translation language and transfer national features of anthroponyms and toponyms. Linguistic calque reproduces realities by literally translating structural and semantic models of the SL by means of the TL. Transcription and linguistic calque are combined with descriptive periphrasis as an effective means of conveying the meaning of realia associated with the linear expansion of the text. Reproduction of realias by hyperonymic renaming may be accompanied by the loss of certain linguistic and cultural information, because a particular concept is reproduced by means of broad reference. Contextual interpretation of realias is a means of creating a special geographical, historical and cultural background in linguistic and country study texts. The effective means to reproduce the uniqueness and foreignness of national and cultural concepts represented by realias are transcription to convey the phonetic sounds of a word and descriptive periphrasis to achieve a high degree of explicitness.