STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF UKRAINIAN PAREMIAS WITH TOPOONOMASTIC COMPONENT

Abstract

Paremias with toponymic component are analized in the article. For a long period of academic studies of the Ukrainian phraseological diversity paremiology became the subject of scrutinizing as proverbs and sayings with their types of formation, expressiveness, national codes etc. traditionally belong to phraseology. Although the influence of toponyms meaning to the semantics of paremias, the use of certain separate types of toponyms in paremias is out of the scientists’ attention. Structural peculiarities of proverbs and sayings with topoonomastic component are not studied as well. The study of ninety-one paremias with topoonomastic component makes it possible to come to the conclusion that the most frequently used among them are toponyms in Nominative and Prepositional Case mostly because of the necessity to name a certain destination (Наш Луг – батько, а Січ – мати, от де треба помирати) and point it out (Або будем на Русі, або пропадемо усі). Toponyms as a part of proverbs and sayings mostly deal with naming of Ukrainian cities and territories (Київ, Крим, Русь), foreign names are less used (Краків, Рим). Only in some paremias hydronyms, mostly potamonym the Danube, are found which was quite strange as water takes an important part in Ukrainian reality. It is also found out that the meaning of a paremia in most cases depends on the semantics of a toponym part (Добувся, як швед під Полтавою), taking into account the fact that it can demonstrate not only a real geographic object (Полтава, Теплинський ліс) but also an invented one (Брехунівка). Proverbs and sayings with topoonomastic component as well as the other paremias have a rhyme structure which is formed with the help of a noun and a verb or a combination of a noun with other parts of speech that helps to remember it easier and use. From the point of view of a syntactic structure, paremias with toponyms-components help to create various types of sentences. The prospective of the research is considered to be a retrospective study of different groups of toponyms in paremias, analysis of syntagmaticparadigmatic relations between such units, their study in terms of cognitive, ethnopsychological linguocultural, discourse etc. directions.