PREPOSITIVE USE OF STATEMENTS OF GENERALIZED CONTENT IN THE STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX SPEECH ACT (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE UKRAINIAN AND POLISH LANGUAGES)

Abstract

The article presents the concept of statements of generalized content, which are correlated with other nominations, in particular with paremias (aphorisms, maxims, proverbs), abstract author’s sentences, universal sentences, general reference statements. In the process of communication, statements of generalized content are often used to realize the communicative intention of the speaker and are applied in complex speech acts. Thus, the author has analysed the functioning of expressions of generalized content in a complex speech act, in particular in their preposition. The material of the research is statements of a generalized content obtained by sampling from prose and dramatic works of Ukrainian and Polish writers. The article presents in detail the regularities of the functioning of the specified type of statements in the implementation of the law of generalization as one of the universal laws of modeling empathy. In addition, it is clarified with what communicative purpose the speaker involves statements of generalized content in the structure of a complex speech act. It is concluded that the statement of the generalized content in the preposition is used by the speaker in order to model empathy, create a psychological basis for the listener to perceive further information, or serves as a “starting point”; that determines the flow of thoughts, from which a relevant reasoning or a certain statement unfolds. At the same time, the definition of the phenomenon of communicative empathy involves the projection of its linguistic definition onto the communicative axis. It is about those communicative situations where the speaker tries to correlate his position with the features of the recipient’s mental perceptions, which are a relevant reference point for the communicator. The multi-aspect approach to the analysis of statements of generalized content opens up perspectives for the study of their certain specific features: the compactness of stylistic techniques and means of expression and the conciseness of the presentation of an ethical idea when they are used prepositively in complex speech acts.