PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS AN OBJECT OF TRANSLATION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the translation of phraseological units from German into Ukrainian. In the study, a phraseological unit is interpreted as a set-phrase, an idiom characterized by a meaning known to native speakers, not derived from a certain lexical composition, grammatical structure and semantics of phraseological components. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the translation of German phraseological units into Ukrainian. The object of the research is the phraseological units of the German language, and the subject is the peculiarities of their translation into the Ukrainian language. The authors of the article considered the classifications of phraseological units proposed by German linguists. It is proved that the variety of classifications of phraseological units only proves the complexity of their translation. In the study, during the analysis of translation techniques, phraseological and nonphraseological translations were distinguished. Phraseological translation means the use of set-phrases stable units in the translated text, when the units of the foreign language and the corresponding units of the translated language are similar at all levels: lexical, grammatical and semantic. Phraseological translation includes phraseological equivalents and phraseological analogues. A phraseological equivalent is interpreted as a phraseological unit of the source language that is equivalent to a unit of the target language by all criteria and has the same meaning and connotation regardless of the context. A phraseological analogue differs from the original phraseological unit by the use of another synonymous component, some changes in form or syntax, other morphological correlation, conjugation, being a full correspondence of the translated phraseological unit. Non-phraseological translation conveys the meaning of a phraseological unit using the lexical means of the target language. At the same time, imagery, expressiveness, connotations, aphorism, shades of meanings may be lost. It was established that the methods of non-phraseological translation of phraseological units of the German language into Ukrainian mostly include lexical translation, loan translation and descriptive translation.