THE ROLE AND PLACE OF PARTICLES IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE ON THE EXAMPLES OF TEXTS ABOUT WAR

Abstract

The article analyzes the place and status of particles in the German language, their functions, role, and meaning. It is noted that particles are a typological ethnic feature of the Ukrainian and German languages, as they are strongly partitive languages. The definition of particles is clarified, it is proved to be a separate part of speech, but not in the typical sense, according to which parts of speech are studied in terms of morphology and syntax. Particles should be studied from the point of view of communicative linguistics. Their denotative meaning is not great, while their connotative component is diverse – one and the same partiсal can have different meanings depending on the situation and be translated in different ways. Particles are a special grouping of a certain number of uninflected words that can act as different parts of speech, depending on the context, are not a specific member of a sentence, do not answer questions, but cannot be mixed with adverbs and modal words. A comparative analysis between similar parts of speech in Ukrainian and German is carried out. The special status of particles in German is determined, where there are certain syntactic features – word order, sentence type, intonation. It is assumed that particles occupy a special place not only in the spoken language, but have also spread to written texts, the purpose of use, approaches and principles of classification and other morphological and semantic aspects are analyzed. The paper collects evidence with examples from articles about the war between Ukraine and Russia and its coverage in the German press, analyses the frequency of particles usage in printed texts. The most used groups of particles are highlighted, examples of their translation and placement in sentences are given.