FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF PAST PARTICIPLES IN GERMAN AND AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGES

Abstract

The article is devoted to the functional features of past participles in German and Azerbaijani languages. As we know, Azerbaijani and German are multisystem languages. Therefore, the study of past participles in these different languages is complicated on the one hand and interesting on the other hand. Many works have been devoted to this problem. The problem of past participles was developed separately in German and Azerbaijani linguistics. However, fundamental research in the comparative aspect based on the material of two languages of different systems has not yet been sufficiently studied. The topicality of our work lies in the fact that for the first time it comparatively examines the functional features of past participles on the material of German and Azerbaijani languages. Unlike German, participles, which expresses the past tense in Azerbaijani, is formed only through suffixes. Participles are formed when we add the suffixes -mış, -miş, -muş, -müş, forming past participles, to the suffixes of affirmation and negation of real and passive verb roots. They can be participles depending on their place and role in the sentence. The suffixes “-dıq, -dik, -duq, -dük” are also used in the formation of past tense participles in modern Azerbaijani. When analyzing the main functional features of the participle, it turns out that their main function is to explain them by coming before the subject, nominal predicate, object, adverb, nominal word combinations, appeals and additionals, and to be used as adverbials in the sentence. From all these explanations, it is once again clear that the form of participle II used in German corresponds to the past participle used in Azerbaijani. The analysis of the materials of the German and Azerbaijani languages suggests that the present and past participles are used in both languages, are formed by different morphological means and perform different functions in the language.