FEATURES OF THE EXPRESSION OF THE MAIN FORM (POSITIVE FORM), ACTING AS A BASIC COMPONENT OF THE FIELD OF COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES IN GERMAN AND AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGES

Abstract

The article discusses the features of the expression of the basic form (positive form), which acts as a basic component of the field of comparative adjectives in German and Azerbaijani languages. The characteristics of the degree of adjectives in two multi-system languages are analyzed. Examples from the materials of the Azerbaijani and German languages are clearly given. The change of adjectives by degrees is a phenomenon related to which group of semantic features they belong to (quality, relativity, belonging). This property mainly refers to adjectives denoting quality. Adjectives of positive degree do not express the relation of the subject to other subjects, but play a decisive role in defining other degrees as a basic component of the field of comparativism. It is on the basis of this basic form of the adjective, adopted as the norm, that other features of the attribute and quality expressed by the adjective are clarified. Therefore, in both German and Azerbaijani languages, this form of the adjective acts as the main constitution in the field of its comparativism. The presence of this form ensures the existence of other forms of degree. In comparable Azerbaijani and German languages, the degrees of comparison of adjectives are created by synthetic and analytical methods, but they are not used when expressing the usual form. In this case, the attribute and quality are expressed through the adjective itself. More precisely, the attribute and quality inherent in the object and phenomenon are abstractly expressed in the meaning of the adjective. If the domain of adjective comparativity is a macrofield as a whole, then this field itself reflects the synthesis of two micro-fields. If the first of them is a micro-field denoting equality, then the second is a field associated with inequality. The positive degree, accepted as the initial degree of an adjective, serves as an expression of the first micro-field – the field of equality.