SYMBOLISM AND RELIGIOUS IMAGERY IN MYKOLA KULISH’S “97”: EXPLORING THE DEPTHS OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

In the article, the symbolic aspects of Mykola Kulish’s work “97” are examined, and the image-symbol of the Eucharist is analyzed in its significance within the context of peasant life and religious rituals. The importance of symbols such as the chalice, bread, church, cross, and God in expressing profound religious and sacred aspects of the work is emphasized. The image of sanctity is explored through the lens of unwashed hands, parental prayers, and tears, highlighting its significance for the community and its religious value. The symbol of the chalice is associated with various ideas such as unity, sacrifice, and ritual, highlighting the importance of religious rituals and community. The study also examines the image of bread as the body of Jesus Christ in the context of Ukrainian literature and religious culture. In the work “97” by Mykola Kulish, the image of the Eucharist becomes a key symbol, expressing the profound religious and ethical aspects of peasant life, survival in times of famine. The Eucharist, as a symbol of the body and blood of Christ, transforms into bread for the soul, providing spiritual unity and hope for salvation, using it as a symbol of life and an integral part of faith. In particular, emphasis is placed on the impossibility of living without bread, which is associated with the impossibility of existence without God. The article stands out for its in-depth analysis of symbols and their significance in Mykola Kulish’s work, revealing the profound meaning potential of the work. One of the key moments reflecting the image of the Eucharist is the image of bread. The author illustrates how peasants, in difficult times, turn to bread not only as a means of physical survival but also as a symbol of the Eucharist, uniting their suffering and faith. Through this image, Kulish emphasizes the deep religious connection of peasant life. Also, the image of the chalice in the work is considered as a symbol of unity and sacrifice. The chalice, as a religious attribute, serves not only as a vessel for wine and bread, i.e., communion but also as a sign of unity and readiness to accept sacrifice for the sake of a common cause. In depicting the image of the cross and the church, Kulish emphasizes the conflict between authority and religious values. The anti-religious views of the authorities manifest themselves in relation to holy objects, forcing peasants to defend them as symbols of their faith. The overall trend in the work is the elevation of religious symbols as a means of resistance and unity for the peasant community. This reflects the importance of faith and spirituality in the life of the Ukrainian people in times of difficulties, the Famine, and social conflicts.