SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH TERMS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTHY NUTRITION AND THEIR UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION

Abstract

With the “WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health” adoption in 2004, active promotion of healthy eating and physical activity began. This led to enriching the English vocabulary with terms that require classification and systematization. In this scientific article, the term healthy nutrition refers to a lexeme with a specific semantic and pragmatic load, which denotes a healthy way of eating through the right choice of products and diet. The studied terminological units are classified into the following semantic groups: 1) terms designating essential nutrients; 2) terms related to the main groups of products; 3) terms related to diets and menus; 4) terms related to nutritional principles and approaches; 5) terms related to the preparation of healthy food; 6) terms designating diseases related to nutrition; 7) terms related to food technologies. As a member of the World Health Organization, Ukraine adopts all basic documents that comply with its recommendations on healthy nutrition. However, at the national level, there is a need for more active dissemination of the WHO strategy on a balanced diet and implementing information and educational activities. The key role in these processes is played by accurate and unified translation of terminological units, which representatives of state bodies, the media, and commercial institutions use. The most productive methods of reproducing terms in the field of healthy nutrition were the following: 1) direct equivalent; 2) transcoding (including transliteration, transcribing, adaptive, and mixed transcoding); 3) loan translation (mainly for rendering terminological phrases, which often involves the inversion of word order inherent in the target language); 4) descriptive translation and 5) transplantation (direct borrowing). Sometimes, the specific feature of the Ukrainian terminological system is the functioning of two parallel forms: formed by transcoding or by selecting a direct equivalent. The translator’s choice depends on the target audience’s level of awareness. The research identifies the prospects for further research, which consists of systematizing and creating a standardized database of terminology in the field of healthy nutrition.