COMMUNICATIVE-SITUATIONAL PARAMETERS OF AFFECTONYMS USE

Abstract

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the use of affectonyms – appeals with immanent positive and evaluative emotional coloring such as a flower, a star, a lovely, such nominations are endowed with a certain magnetism, they never go unnoticed. Of all the possible appeals, the studied units have perhaps the greatest regulatory potential; they are characterized by a pronounced focus on the interlocutor. Affectonyms primarily affect the sensory sphere of the addressee, which with the help of such nominations is usually inclined towards positive and pleasure. The study presents the nuclear and peripheral features of the functioning of kind addresses in the context of the analysis of the main components of the communicative process, identified at the time by G. Lasswell and R. Braddock. Affectonyms are units with a clear pragmatic charge, so their description implies the obligatory involvement of such communicative-situational factors of use: who speaks, to whom, for what purpose, how exactly, under what conditions and with what effect? In this regard, the description of the social features of communicators who use these nominations, their intentions, method, scope of kind appeals and perlocutionary effect, which is stimulated by the studied appeals, is relevant. According to the specified parameters, the peculiarities of the functioning of such units are represented in the form of oppositions. The first of them reveals nuclear features, the second one – peripheral: а) by the number of communicators: characteristic of interpersonal communication – for group, mass communication; b) according to the interpersonal relations of the interlocutors: they get along between close people (lovers, married couples, parents and children, relatives, friends) – they are used between acquaintances, strangers; c) according to strategies: implement a cooperative strategy – cooperative-confrontational, confrontational strategy; d) by method of application: applied directly – indirectly; appeals to the addressee are constantly changing – a certain affecton with possible variation is assigned to the addressee; e) in the field of communication: inherent in private communication – public; f) by effect: cause a positive perlocutionary effect – provoke a negative perlocutionary effect.