SEMANTIC CHANGES OF LANGUAGE UNITS AS A MECHANISM OF SEMANTIC FIELD LEARNING DEVELOPMENT
Abstract
The article is devoted to revealing the existing semantic changes of innovative units of the semantic field LEARNING. The most actual semantic mechanisms with regard to the newly language material are defined.
Therefore the notions of semantic derivation as well as metaphor and metonymy are specified. Semantic transformation process is done due to the content change of the existing words and rethinking of their semantics, as a result new nominations are formed that are correlated with other reality fragments. The well-known classification of semantic derivation types ranges innovations according to meaning widening and narrowing as well as other various semantic changes. The majority of semantic changes belong to either metaphoric or metonymic ones. Metaphor is a mechanism due to which one lexical unit denoting a specific object, phenomenon or a process is used to denote another object that have some kind of similarity in meaning.
The newly created lexical units ranging with regard to a definite correlate allows defining two main sphere-sources from where borrowing new attributive features is done. These sources are “the sphere of a human being” and “the sphere of nature” moreover they have their own thematic groups such as “tools and mechanisms”, “household things”, “new technologies”, “social activities”, “food”. Metonymy is a semantic change in which something is called by a new name that is related in meaning to the original thing or concept. During the metonymic process rethinking is done quite subjectively as this process can be of incidental nature. Any kind of connection allows to transfer the nominations but the most recurrent ones are “a part of a body - a human being” and “material - object”. Antonomasia as a type of semantic change helps to coin new semantic units with regard to the proper names shift of meaning. Antonomasia is not a powerful tool for new semantic units creating. Therefore only 5% of the units were coined due to it.
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