LEXICOGRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF FRENCH BORROWINGS IN ENGLISH IN THE EARLY 20 CENTURY
Abstract
The article focuses on a lexicographic investigation of foreign words in the English language in the early 20 century (E20) as etymological studies nowadays are becoming widespread in linguistics with subsequent practical implementation in the educational process. The aim of this research is offering a solution as to the study of language distribution within the English lexicon E20 in order to decide which languages determine each studied semantic domain. Language distribution of the research proved that French donated huge vocabulary into English in E20. Historical background was studied for better understanding of the respective standards of culture of English and French and the effect of the influence of French. The article proposes the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of French words: in the language distribution (out of 38 languages) 42% of foreign words were borrowed from French in E20 proving the idea of genetic and structural proximity of the languages concerned. Various semantic groups of borrowing were determined due to its frequency (cookery, sport, music, art and literature, military, theology, medicine etc.). It has been estimated that barbarisms in the field of conversation and every day matters (2,8%) enjoy universal acclaim including the vocabulary marked as slang or colloquial. Morphological characteristic of borrowed words was clarified: French noun-forming suffixes were examined: -ette – 15%; -age – 8,3%; -eur – 10%; -on – 11,8%; – ier/i-erre – 6,4%; -tine – 5%; -ist/-ism – 4,9%; as well as their differentiation into word classes. The material clearly demonstrated that out of 38 languages in our experimental language distribution English displays the tendency to borrow nouns more than any other parts of speech – 71% of words, 17,2% – noun phrases, 5,7% – adjectives, 2,4% – interjections, 1,2% – verbs, 1% – adverbs and 1,5% – adverb phrases. The author hopes that the presented classification of borrowed vocabulary of E20 performed on the basis of lexicographic investigation and existing theoretical knowledge about French influence on English can serve as an effective foundation for unification of scientific views in the field of English etymology and is of direct practical relevance.
References
2. Crystal D. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. press, 1995. 489 p.
3. Jackson H., Amvela E. Words, Meaning and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. London ; New York : Continuum, 2001. 216 p.
4. Jamet D. Foreword. Lexis. 2009. № 3. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/lexis/623; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/lexis.623.
5. Rao V.Ch. The Significance of the Words Borrowed into English Language. Research Gate. 2018. Issue 6. Vol. 2. URL: http://www.jrspelt.com.
6. Haugen J.D. Borrowed Borrowings. Nahuatl Loan Words in English. 2009. № 3. DOI: 10.4000/lexis.638.
7. Tan S. Imm. Lexical Borrowing in Malaysian English: Influences of Malay. Borrowing, 2009. № 3. DOI: 10.4000/lexis.629.
8. Myachinskaya E. The factor of Scandinavian influence in the history of English. Scandinavian Philology. 2019. Vol. 17. Issue 1. P. 22–35. DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu21.2019.102.
9. Francis W. Nelson. Word-Making: Some Sources of New Words Language: Readings in Language and Culture / V.P. Clark, P.A. Escholz, A.F. Rosa. 6 ed. Bedford / St. Martin’s ; Boston ; New York, 1998. P. 154–165.
10. Амосова Н.Н. Этимологические основы словарного состава современного английского языка. Москва : Изд-во литературы на иностранных языках, 1956. 218 с.
11. Berndt R. A History of the English Language. Leipzig : Verlag Enzyklopadie, 1989. 240 p.
12. Bielenia-Grajewska M. Linguistic Borrowing in the English Language of Economics. Lexis. 2009. № 3. DOI: 10.4000/lexis.643.
13. Oxford Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases. Second Ed. Oxford University Press, 2008. 408 p.
14. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics. Second Ed. Oxford University Press, 2007. 443 p.
15. Hockett Ch.F. A course in Modern Linguistics : пособие /С.С. Хидекель и др. Readings in Modern English Lexicology. Ленинград : Просвещение, 1969. С. 172–182.
16. Кочерган М.П. Загальне мовознавство. Київ : Академія, 1999. 288 с.
17. Зубкова Л.Г. Язык как форма. Теория и история языкознания. Москва : РУДН, 1999. 237 с.
18. Heny F. Syntax: The structure of Sentences. Language: Readings in Language and Culture / V.P. Clark, P.A. Escholz, A.F. Rosa. 6 ed. Bedford / St. Martin’s ; Boston ; New York, 1998. P. 189–223.
ISSN 
.png)
