LINGUISTIC STATUS OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY NOTION OF CHARISMA
Abstract
The paper provides the rationale for the specificities of the phenomenon of charisma and characteristics of its actualization in communication process based on the analysis of interdisciplinary knowledge on the subject, available in different braches of humanities. In addition, the work clarifies the linguistic status of the phenomenon under study. To fulfill the aim of the research, the retrospective review of charisma interpretation as a cultural, social and scientific phenomenon was carried out; furthermore, the main characteristics of the phenomenon were defined. While conducting the scientific inquiry, the author rationalised the need to create such a definition of charisma which will meet the immediate requirements of interdisciplinary research in humanities, as opposed to individual research or separate branches of humanities. The concise review of the evolution of the notion of charisma, as well as its modern definitions suggested by authors in the field of psychology, sociology, and linguistics was conducted; moreover, those characteristics of the phenomenon under study which are of the importance for research in a specific branch of science were determined. On these grounds, the author summarised the main characteristics of the phenomenon of a speaker acquiring charisma in view of present-day cognitive science ideas concerning the process of communication. After conducting a summary of a chronological development of thoughts on charisma and analysis of its available definitions, within the framework of a cognitive approach to communication processes with consideration of the complex of speaker’s external, psychological, physiological and social characteristics which define the speaker’s ability to comply with the audience’s demand, as well as conditions of communication and linguistic and extralinguistic means of communicative influence, the author proposes her own interdisciplinary definition of charisma. The author also outlines the prospect of the practical use of both the results obtained in the theoretical scientific inquiry and reasonability of the further use of the proposed interdisciplinary definition of charisma in humanities research.
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