SOME LEXICAL DIFFICULTIES OF ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN TRANSLATING OF CULINARY VIDEO RECIPES TEXTS

Abstract

Some lexical difficulties of English-Ukrainian translating of culinary texts are analyzed and described in the article. The analyze is based on the self-made translations of a number of video recipes from culinary YouTube channels by G. Ramsay, J. Oliver and A. Olson. Attention is focused on the translation of broad-meaning lexemes, the conditions of choosing partial correspondences, and the translation of terminological phrases. Many culinary names of English and Ukrainian lingual cultures are only partial correspondences, as they differ in their inner forms, set of semes, and grammatical structure. The translation correspondence is chosen depending on the linguistic and non-linguistic context. The video image helps the translator to choose the right nomination, but only if he/she has an adequate level of familiarity with the culinary field of the target language. It can be difficult to find adequate correspondences for the names of kitchen equipment and utensils, because the dictionaries do not yet fix the correspondences for a certain number of new appliances, therefore we need to turn to the speech. Synonymous and metonymic substitutions have to be used when translating lexicalized terminological phrases, since in different lingual cultures different signs have become the semantic basis of the creation of terms. The translation of different term combinations with the same component requires the application of various transformations depending on the traditions of term formation in the target language, the usability of one or another combination in the speech. Among the lexical difficulties of translation, the following ones are distinguished: translation of the names of ingredients, culinary actions and processes, dishes, kitchen equipment and utensils, translation of the terminological phrases, metaphorical expressions, adjectives. The following types of transformations are used in the translation: synonymous substitutions, co-referential substitutions, metonymic substitutions (in particular, concretization, generalization, equanimization), demetaphorization, expressive connotative transformations of strengthening or diminishing a sign. Lexical transformations in the absolute majority are accompanied by transformations at the grammatical level. The translator’s knowledge of the cuisine of both lingual cultures is critically important. The choice of a translation correspondence is influenced by the type of translation being performed, in particular, compliance with isochrony requirements during voice-over translation.