THE CATEGORIES OF SYMMETRY AND ASYMMETRY IN THE SYNERGETIC ORGANIZATION OF HOMONYMY

Abstract

The article is dedicated to consideration of homonymy as symmetrically-asymmetrical phenomenon on the material of the German and the Ukrainian languages. Symmetry is an important attribute of both physical and abstract systems and is defined as the property of an object being invariant to a transformation. Asymmetry is the absence of or the violation of symmetry.

Symmetry of the form of homonyms is the factor of homonymy stability, asymmetry of the content lets spread the notion of homonymy as parts of different levels of the language. The matrix of division into different types of homonymy was elaborated on the base of symmetrically-asymmetrical relationships between grammatical, semantic, functional and genetic characteristics of homonyms. This matrix serves as a proof of its systematic character and it is the base for many-sided classification of homonyms. In the matrix all 16 sub-systems are divided into 8 antipodes and all sub-systems have homonyms. It affords to distinguish noncontradictory logic-meaningful classes of homonyms and serves as a confirmation that symmetry / asymmetry is the base for the appearance of homonymy. Homonymy itself can be investigated in the direction of synergetic scientific paradigm.

The article also reveals the processes of interaction between elements and subsystems, which allow to reduce the entropy when new homonyms in the lexical system of the German language appear. It distinguishes homonymic peculiarities of derived words, analyzes the grammatical homonymy of different parts of speech, systematizes the homonymy in speech and determines the protective mechanisms to eliminate obstacles caused by homonymy in communication.