SEMANTIC AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE TEMPORAL LEXEME “NIGHT” IN NIZAMI GANJAVI’S POEM “KHOSROV AND SHIRIN”

Abstract

The article, through linguopoetic analysis, reveals semantic and functional features of the lexeme “night” of the Persian-language text in the original poem by Nizami Ganjavi “Khosrov and Shirin”. Observing then temporal lexeme “night” in the poem “Khosrov and Shirin”, it can be concluded that the lyrical image of “night” reflects some features of the poetic language of Nizami Ganjavi. In the poem, the lexeme “night” is used both in its direct nominative meaning and in a figurative context. The poetic text of the poem is characterized by izafet constructions with the “night” component, which enriches the poem’s language with stylistic coloring and lyricism. Primarily, this lexeme acts as the second component of the izafet construction, where the first component is somatism: [zolf-e shᾱb], [cheshm-e shᾱb] curl of the night, eyes of the night. It is worth noting that the vocabulary of the work is characterized by complex words with a “night” component with a variety of semantic shades with temporal meaning. These complex words often carry the traditional rhyming function: [shᾱbtab] – [mᾱhtab] (shining at night – moonlight), [shᾱbdiz] – [shᾱbxiz] (black as night – awake at night). In the poem, the lexical antonym “night and day” is one of the main stylistic means of the antithesis. Forming an associative semantic pair [shᾱb o ruz] “night and day” acts as a frequency element of the compositional-stylistic construction of the antithesis. We have considered only one lexeme denoting a certain period of time in “Khosrov and Shirin”. Many words with temporary semantics remain beyond the scope of this article. In poetic works, the means of expressing the concept of “time” occupy a special place in the organization of the structure of the poetic text. Research in this area is relevant and enriches the list of existing works in the area of the functional-semantic direction of linguistics. The use of time time-expressing lexicon in artistic works is always deeply individual. Semantic transformations based on time-expressing lexemes in a literary text are especially frequent due to the associativity and imagery of the artistic syllable; in poetic language such processes are even more vivid.