NATIONAL FEATURES OF AUSTRIAN GERMAN LANGUAGE (“CULINARY LANGUAGE”, “AUSTRIANISMS”)
Abstract
The article considers the peculiarities of the Austrian German language, in particular the differences in the Austrian “culinary language”. Austrian cuisine is a reflection of South German cuisine, which within the Habsburg monarchy received impulses from all countries, lands, regions of the empire. Until 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was a multinational state, and therefore the vocabulary of the Austrians acquired many borrowed words, which also had an impact on the “culinary language”. Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, Polish words and expressions entered the vocabulary of the Austrian national language variant (Biskotten, Fisolen, Karfiol, Melanzani, Zibebe, Klobasse, Skubanki, Palatschinken, Powidl, Fogosch). The biggest differences compared to the German language in Germany are in the names of fruits, vegetables and dishes. The article examines either the names of original Austrian dishes, or the different names of similar dishes, due to geographical location. Expressions that mean dishes or cooking methods are the large group (among them – flour, meat, fish dishes). We are also talking about names for various kitchen activities, as well as for kitchen appliances. In the article there are also mentioned the famous Austrian cafes that offer a wide selection of coffee varieties that have their own original names (Brauner, kleiner Brauner, Einspänner, Melange, Kapuziner). Speaking of the differences between the national versions of the German language in Austria and Germany, it is necessary to mention the official document on the use of specific Austrian expressions of the German language in the European Union – “Amtsblatt der Europäischen Gemeinschaften – Protokoll Nr. 10” (“Official Journal of the European Communities – Protocol 10”). This document emphasizes the equal status and rights of specific Austrian expressions of the German language. The appendix to this document contains 23 pairs of words used in the Austrian and German national versions of the German language (for example, Karfiol (Austrian) – Blumenkohl (German); Paradeiser (Austrian) – Tomaten (German); Erdäpfel (Austrian) – Kartoffeln (German), etc.). According to this document, the so-called “austrianisms” are recognized in the legal framework of the European Union. The article also discusses development trends in modern Austrian German.
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