THE PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE UTTERANCE PROPOSITION STRUCTURE
Abstract
The functioning of the passive constructions in the utterance proposition structure is regarded in the article. Non-linguistic situation is expressed by the semantic construction or the configuration which is often defined as the proposition. This proposition is interpreted as the primary way of the information arrangement that is to be rendered by means of an utterance. The analysis of modern English demonstrates the certain peculiarities of the Passive Voice in the utterance propositions in the speech. They are the following: the impossibility of the construction usage in the Active Voice; the doer of the action is responsible for the utterance meaning; the absence of the direct order with the personal pronouns; the recipient’s attention is concentrated on the information but not the doer of the action; the sentence meaning is kept without the non-personal pronouns usage (one, someone, they); the carefulness demonstration while reminding the few facts which are to be likely untrue.
The proposition structure of the utterance includes the following structure elements: the power elements, the implying of the power, the power balance and result. The antagonist and the protagonist refer to the power elements of the utterance which contradict each other. The protagonist is the central communication figure while the antagonist is the person or the essence, the object or the phenomena that is the opposite this central figure and prevents from the doing of the action. The protagonist and the antagonist interact in the utterance. A sentence as an constructive sign is correlated to the extra lingual real or imaginable situation as well as its own denotative meaning. It distinguishes any fragment of reality and presents this section of reality as the separated and whole unity at the same time. Extralingual situation is reflected by means of the semantic construction or configuration. Its nucleus is the semanteme which is the characteristic of its features.
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