THE FUNCTIONAL СAPACITY OF MAORI LOANS IN NEW ZEALAND ENGLISH
Abstract
The role of English as the world lingua franca and its functional importance in multicultural societies have necessitated further research into the issues of language vitality as well as the problems of regional cultures adaptation to the globalizing environment. In the last decade, there has been a noticeable tendency towards multilingualism, ethnic identity revitalisation, the extension of polycultural space, and gradual increase of autochthonous languages influence on English, particularly in the regions where primary (national) varieties of English evolved.
The article addresses the New Zealand English lexicon, quantitative and qualitative parameters of borrowing from Maori. It offers a comprehensive analysis of structural, semantic, and functional features of Maori loans in the context of autochthonous culture revival in New Zealand. Maori borrowings into English (500 in total) were selected from regional dictionaries, electronic databases, and texts relating to various spheres of communication. The article examines the Maori loans functional capacity in New Zealand English including such aspects as the scope of loans, their productivity in word-formation processes, efficient usage in a range of spheres engaged into communication carried out by means of New Zealand variety of English.
The findings proved that gradual enlargement of Maori loans in New Zealand English, a high degree of their assimilation (derivational productivity, polysemnatism, phraseologisation), employment in a wide range of discourses, frequency of usage and innovative activity enhanced the vitality of the significant Maori culture components in the New Zealand bicultural environment. The specificity of Maori-European contacts, history of New Zealand English and culture shaped the communicative capacity of autochthonous borrowings. Today, their functions have increased considerably compared to when they were limited to lacunas elimination in the early colonial New Zealand.
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